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目的了解南阳市15岁以下艾滋病感染儿童感染途径构成情况和抗病毒治疗情况,为今后防治工作提供依据。方法对南阳市艾滋病疫情网络直报数据库中年龄≤15岁的感染者资料进行分析。结果母婴传播途径感染是15岁以下儿童感染HIV的主要传播途径(占87.14%);1998年后无受血传播病例报告,2005年以后母婴传播病例逐年减少;接受抗病毒治疗者病死率(8.33%)明显低于未接受治疗者(45.45%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。结论通过采取以切断血液传播和母婴传播途径为主的干预措施,儿童感染HIV病例呈逐年减少趋势,但由于女性感染者不断增多,母婴传播的隐患仍然存在,预防母婴传播仍是今后防艾工作的重点之一。抗病毒治疗可有效降低患儿病死率,应积极开展儿童的预防和治疗工作。
Objective To understand the pathogeny of HIV infection in children under 15 years of age in Nanyang City and to provide an evidence for future prevention and treatment work. Methods The data of HIV-infected persons aged ≤15 years in the network of HIV / AIDS in Nanyang City were directly analyzed. Results Mother-to-child transmission was the main route of HIV transmission among children under 15 years of age (87.14%). No cases of blood transmission were reported after 1998, and the number of mother-to-child transmission cases decreased year after year. The mortality rate of those receiving antiviral therapy (8.33%) was significantly lower than those who did not receive treatment (45.45%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.005). Conclusions Childhood HIV infections have been declining year by year through interventions mainly based on the cut-off of blood transmission and mother-to-child transmission. However, due to the increasing number of female HIV infections and the potential risks of mother-to-child transmission, the prevention of mother-to-child transmission is still the future Anti-AIDS work one of the priorities. Antiviral therapy can effectively reduce the case fatality rate, should actively carry out prevention and treatment of children.