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自Frederick Clapp于1910年在其划时代的论文中将断层构造划为有意义的石油圈闭以来,在沉积盆地中断层对石油运移、聚集、成藏所起的各种作用逐渐引起了人们的关注。对石油圈闭中的断层分析已经沿两条清晰而连续的思路进行:①断层圈闭;②断层岩封闭。历经20世纪大部分时光,断层圈闭的几何形状以及断层并置作用对储层的封闭性已成为研究与应用的焦点。由于构造地质学为沉积盆地几何学、运动学分析发展了各种定量方法,并且以板块边缘力学特性为基础的板块构造学为研究盆地与断块的关系提供了统一工具,此类研究与应用便得以实施。近20年来,由于三维地震成像能更好地分辨断层构造,对由断层封闭引起的储层分隔问题有了更为深入细致的研究。本文的撰写目的是,通过回溯断层圈闭分析中一些概念和方法的历史发展状况,简要论述含油气盆地中断层的作用。
Since Frederick Clapp delineated the fault structure as a meaningful petroleum trap in his epoch-breaking paper in 1910, the various roles played by faults in sedimentary basins in the migration, accumulation and accumulation of petroleum have gradually led people attention. Fault analysis in petroleum traps has been conducted along two clear and continuous lines of thought: ① fault traps; ② fault-rock seals. After most of the 20th century, the geometries of fault traps and the confinement of faults acting as reservoirs have become the focus of research and application. Since tectono-geology has developed various quantitative methods for geometric and kinematic analysis of sedimentary basins, plate tectonics based on mechanical properties of plate edges provide a uniform tool for studying the relationship between basins and fault blocks. Such studies and applications Will be implemented. In the past 20 years, the 3D seismic imaging can better distinguish the fault structures and further study the reservoir separation caused by fault sealing. The purpose of this article is to briefly describe the role of faults in petroliferous basins by tracing back the historical development of some of the concepts and methods used in the analysis of fault traps.