急性腹泻是儿科常见病,估计在发展中国家内5岁以下小儿每年发病13亿人次,死亡约320万,每人每年发病2～8次。全世界腹泻病死率为1％～4％。 病原:至今已知25种以上细菌、病毒和寄生虫可引起急性腹泻。设备好的实验室能确定约70％因急性腹泻住院病冬的病原。然而,病原检出的阳性率决定于实验室技术能力、腹泻定义、采集标本的方法和其他因素,如抗生药物的应用、季节和流行情况等。 Acute diarrhea is a common pediatric disease. It is estimated that in developing countries, infants under 5 years of age suffer an annual incidence of 1.3 billion person-times and deaths are about 3.2 million, with onset of 2 to 8 times per person per year. Diarrhea worldwide mortality is 1% to 4%. Pathogen: So far it is known that more than 25 bacteria, viruses and parasites can cause acute diarrhea. A well-equipped laboratory can determine about 70% of the pathogen inpatient winter due to acute diarrhea. However, the positive rate of pathogen detection depends on laboratory technical capabilities, the definition of diarrhea, methods of collecting specimens and other factors such as the application of antibiotics, the season and prevalence.