Objective To clarify the mechanism and provide the basis for prevention and treatment of the early injuries of kidney after severe burn in rats.We observed the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and interleukin 6 and the early pathological changes in different time.Method Early pathological changes in the kidney were observed by LM and EM.The expression of ICAM 1 were observed by immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization.The expression of IL 6 was also observed.Result From 5 min to 72 h after burn,the early changes in the kidney included edema,hemorrhage, and congestion,injury of capillary epithelium cells.2ICAM 1 and IL 6 were higher in the kidney 30 min after burn,and from 2 h to 24 h,they were strongest positive,but on 72 h,they were negative.Conclusion ICAM-1 and IL 6 may play important roles in mechanisms of kidney injury,and the major target cells may be the endothelium cells.