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将母体药物的化学结构加以修饰而生成的衍生物是前体药物。它们本身不显示原药的药理作用,但在体内经过生物转化成原药后就可发挥原药的作用。应用前体药物可以改善药物的味、臭和刺激性,如氮洁霉素2-磷酸酯;可以改善药物的稳定性,如青霉素的普鲁卡因盐;可以增加药物的溶解度,如氢化可的松琥珀酸单酯的钠盐;可以增进药物的吸收,如左旋多巴;可以延长药物的作同时间,如某些避孕药的长效化;可以降低药物的毒副作用,如呋喃硫胺。
Derivatives that result from the modification of the chemical structure of the parent drug are prodrugs. They themselves do not show the pharmacological effects of the original drug, but they can play the role of the original drug after the biological conversion into the original drug in the body. The use of prodrugs can improve the taste, odor and irritation of drugs, such as nimjomycin 2-phosphate; can improve the stability of the drug, such as procaine salt of penicillin; can increase the drug solubility, such as hydrogenation can be Of the sodium succinate monoester; can enhance the absorption of drugs, such as levodopa; drugs can be extended for the same time, such as the long-term use of certain contraceptives; can reduce the side effects of drugs such as furan thiamine .