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自然界中,人类生存与发展的资源性因素有:空气、阳光、土地、水、能源、矿产及生物等。人类通过各种方式予以开发,以提高生存条件和生活水平。工业文明以来,人类对资源的过度开发,不仅破坏了资源供给的可持续性,而且诱发了地质一生态环境效应,对人类生存与发展产生了不利影响,主要是灾害性条件,如气候灾害、地质灾害及生物灾害等。资源的不合理开发又加剧了各种灾害的发生与发展。
In nature, the resources and resources for human existence and development are: air, sunshine, land, water, energy, minerals and biology. Human beings have been developed in various ways to improve living conditions and living standards. Since industrial civilization, over-exploitation of human resources has not only undermined the sustainability of resource supply, but also caused the geological-ecological environment effects that have an adverse impact on human survival and development, mainly due to catastrophic conditions such as climate disasters, Geological disasters and biological disasters. The unreasonable exploitation of resources has exacerbated the occurrence and development of various disasters.