水通道蛋白4(AQP4)是一种选择性水通透的内在膜蛋白,脑胶质细胞及室管膜上皮细胞上有大量AQP4表达。它是胶质细胞与脑脊液以及血管间的水调节和转运的重要结构基础,并通过缓冲机制参与细胞间隙中K+代谢的调节和利用,还可能参与调节血浆的渗透压和控制垂体加压素的分泌。磷酸化参与AQP4的调控,实验证明了AQP4在创伤,脑水肿形成过程中起着重要的调节作用,脑缺血、缺氧引起的颅内水肿与AQP4密切相关。 Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a selective, water-permeable, intrinsic membrane protein with abundant AQP4 expression on both glial and ependymal epithelial cells. It is an important structural basis for the regulation and transport of water between glial cells and cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels and is involved in the regulation and utilization of K + metabolism in the intercellular space through a buffering mechanism. It may also be involved in the regulation of plasma osmotic pressure and the control of pituitary vasopressin secretion. Phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of AQP4. Experiments show that AQP4 plays an important regulatory role in the formation of trauma and cerebral edema. Cerebral ischemia and intracranial edema caused by hypoxia are closely related to AQP4.