Objective To investigate the relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the production of anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) in renal transplant recipients.Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used qualitatively for detection of CMV DNA in 146 renal transplant recipients.Meanwhile,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detection of ACA IgG in blood serum samples from these recipients and 32 healthy individuals. Results The ACA positive rate was 17.1% among the 146 renal transplant recipients,and that of the control group was 6.3%.There was no significant difference.However,the ACA positive rate of the renal transplant recipients infected with CMV was 31.2%.It was clearly higher than that of those with no infection of CMV and that of the control group ( P <0.005). Conclusion The production of ACA was closely related to CMV infection.It might be one of the factors of chronic angiopathy of the transplanted kidney due to CMV infection. Objective To investigate the relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the production of anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) in renal transplant recipients. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used qualitatively for detection of CMV DNA in 146 renal transplant recipients. Results The ACA positive rate was 17.1% among the 146 renal transplant recipients, and that of the control group was 6.3% .There was no significant difference in immunosorbent assay (ELISA) between the recipients and 32 healthy individuals was no significant difference. However, the ACA positive rate of the renal transplant recipients infected with CMV was 31.2% .It was clearly higher than that of those with no infection of CMV and that of the control group (P <0.005). Conclusion The production of ACA was closely related to CMV infection. It might be one of the factors of chronic angiopathy of the transplanted kidney due to CMV infection.