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为了进一步研究苜蓿生长与土壤理化性状及土壤中各种营养元素的消长规律,试验以生长在海拔3 000 m以上的青海省刚察县三角城种羊场(环青海湖地区)不同生长年限的紫花苜蓿地土壤为研究材料,对2年生、3年生紫花苜蓿地和对照样地(禾本科)土壤分层(0～≤15 cm,>15～≤30 cm,>30～≤45 cm)取样,分析土样中有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量及pH值的变化。结果表明:紫花苜蓿种植年限长短对土壤理化性质影响不同,总体表现是3年生紫花苜蓿对土壤理化性质影响较大;在垂直分布上,2年生、3年生紫花苜蓿地在未施任何肥料的情况下,土壤中全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量均比对照样地高,有机质整体含量比对照样地低;紫花苜蓿地表0～≤15 cm土壤pH值与对照样地相比无明显差异,>30～≤45 cm有明显差异但变化无规律。
In order to further study the growth and soil physical and chemical properties of alfalfa and the growth and decline of various nutrients in the soil, the experiment was conducted in different growth stages of the breeding farm (Round the Qinghai Lake area) in Triangle City, Qingcha County, Qinghai Province, The soil of alfalfa was taken as material to sample the soil of 2-year-old, 3-year-old alfalfa and control (gramineous) soil layers (0 ~ ≤15 cm,> 15 ~ ≤30 cm,> 30 ~ ≤45 cm) , Analysis of soil samples of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content and pH value changes. The results showed that alfalfa planting years had different effects on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The overall performance of the three-year alfalfa had a great influence on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. In the vertical distribution, no fertilizer was applied to the biennial and 3-year alfalfa fields , The contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil were higher than those in the control sample. The content of organic matter in the soil was lower than that in the control sample. There was no significant difference between> 30 ~ <45 cm, but there was no obvious change.