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目的 探讨在结核病诊断和护理过程中外周血(全血)样本,采集后存放温度和时间的不同对结核感染T细胞检测(T cell spot test for tuberculosis infcction,T-SPOT.TB)结果影响,为临床提高检测结果的准确性提供依据.方法 选取2016年1～9月保定市传染病医院诊治的118例疑似结核病患者的外周血(全血)样本,分成室温组和冷藏组,每组59例.室温组全血样本存放在室温(18～25)℃2、4、8、12h,冷藏组全血样本存放在冰箱冷藏(2～8)℃ 2、4h,在每个时段内执行T-SPOT.TB.结果 冷藏组2、4h检测有反应性例数分别为23、10例,阳性检出率分别为38.98％、16.95％,比较差异均有统计学意义(x2 =5.120,P=0.024).室温组2、4h阳性检出率高于冷藏组,比较差异均有统计学意义(x2=11.210、24.900,P=0.001、0.000).室温存放8h阳性检出率低于室温存放2h和4h,比较差异均有统计学意义(x2=6.386、4.051,P均＜0.05).室温存放12h阳性检出率低于室温存放2、4、8h,比较差异均有统计学意义(x2=26.004、21.281、7.199,P均＜0.01).结论 外周血(全血)样本采集后存放温度和时间是影响T-SPOT.TB结果的重要影响因素,基层医院实验室在临检工作中应重视这两个环节,积极与护理人员进行有效沟通,可避免漏检、误检、假阴性的发生.“,”Objective To discuss the effect of storage temperature and time of peripheral blood samples on the results of T cell spot test for tuberculosis infection (T-SPOT.TB),and to provide evidence for improving the accuracy of clinical diagnosis.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 118 patients with suspected tuberculosis in Baoding Infectious Disease Hospital.59 blood samples were stored at room temperature (RT) (18-25)℃ for2 h,4 h,8 h and 12 h,and the other 59 samples were stored in the refrigerator (2-8)℃ for 2 h and 4 h.T-SPOT.TB was performed at each time point.Results When the blood samples were refrigerated,the positive rates were 38.98％ for 2 h and 16.95％ for 4 h,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =5.120,P=0.024).The overall positive rates of blood samples stored at RT for 2 h and 4 h were higher compared with samples refrigerated for 2 h (x2 =11.210,P=0.001) and 4 h (x2 =24.900,P=0.000) Conclusions The storage temperature and time of peripheral blood sanples are two important influencing factors for the results of T-SPOT.TB.It is suggested that blood samples should be stored at RT for no more than 4 h and avoided of being refrigerated in order to maintain the accuracy of the test.