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近年来因颌面部肿瘤切除、交通意外伤等导致的颌面缺损临床上越来越常见,发生率高达0.24%。颔面赝复是采用人工材料治疗颌面缺损的一种手段,其治疗特点是多学科、跨专业,因此非常适合综合医院的口腔科医师与其他临床科室同行共同开展。例如对于整形外科治疗的上颌骨缺损患者,口腔医师可以开展包括暂时性一过渡性一永久性三个阶段的上颌骨阻塞器序列治疗,分别从术前一术中一术后全方位地配合外科医师恢复颌骨术后缺损、重建口颌生理功能;对于唇腭裂患儿,适于从患儿一出生就开展无创性的新生儿术前矫治工作,利用患儿自身发育潜能较大限度地纠正颌面缺损畸形,为手术创造良好条件。对于耳鼻喉和眼科医师来说,口腔医师可以采用语音球恢复因手术切除造成的软腭缺损,重塑患者语音和吞咽功能;还可以为患者制作义鼻、义耳、义眼等假体修复难以通过自体组织修复的颜面部缺损。此外对于放疗科和肿瘤科来说,口腔医师可以在术前为颌面部肿瘤患者进行口腔状况评估及相应治疗,避免术后拔牙导致的放射性骨坏死;术中制作各式放疗护具,以最大限度避免正常组织遭受射线照射;术后可以为患者制作含氟牙托以减少牙齿继发龋的发生。综上,颌面赝复可以为口腔医师和临床医师搭建一座沟通桥梁,共同服务患者、提升治疗水准。
In recent years due to maxillofacial tumor resection, traffic accidents caused by maxillofacial defects clinically more and more common, the incidence as high as 0.24%. Facial pseudopnosis is the use of artificial materials for the treatment of maxillofacial defects as a means of treatment is characterized by multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, so it is very suitable for general hospital stomatologists and other clinical departments and colleagues to carry out. For example, orthopedic surgery in patients with maxillary defects, the dentist can carry out a temporary transitional and permanent three stages of maxillary occluder sequence treatment, respectively, from one preoperative and postoperative one after surgery with a full range of surgical Physicians to restore the jaw postoperative defect reconstruction of oral physiological function; for children with cleft lip and palate, from the birth of a child to carry out noninvasive neonatal preoperative orthodontic treatment, the use of children’s own development potential to a greater extent correct Maxillofacial defect deformity, to create a good condition for surgery. For otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists, dentists can use voice balls to restore soft palate defects resulting from surgical resection, to reshape the patient’s voice and swallowing functions, to make nostrils for patients, to erect ears, and prostheses that are difficult to repair Facial defect repaired by autologous tissue. In addition to radiotherapy and oncology, the dentist can preoperative maxillofacial tumors in patients with oral conditions assessment and treatment, to avoid postoperative radiating osteonecrosis caused by tooth extraction; intraoperative radiotherapy and radiation protection equipment to make all kinds of To maximize the normal tissue to avoid exposure to radiation; postoperative patients can make fluoride dental restorations to reduce secondary dental caries. In summary, maxillofacial prosthesis can provide a communication bridge between the dentist and the clinician to serve the patients and enhance the treatment standard.