原生质体的分离培养,是植物体细胞杂交的基本条件和重要环节。进入七十年代以来,原生质体的研究取得了很大进展,不仅在十多种植物上分离并培养出原生质体植株,而且已有少数几种植物通过原生质体融合,获得了体细胞杂种。大量实验证明,植物原生质体由于在结构上的特异性,不但为细胞学、遗传学等一系列基础理论研究提供了极好的实验材料,而且由于原生质体易于摄取外源遗传物质或细胞器,易于接受外界理化因子诱变,从而产生具有不同用途的无性系突变体。特别是通过诱导远缘植物原生质体的融合,广泛组合各种基 Protoplast isolation and culture is the basic conditions and important parts of plant somatic hybridization. Since the seventies, great progress has been made in the research of protoplasts. Protoplast plants are not only isolated and cultured in more than ten kinds of plants, but also a few plant species have been obtained by protoplast fusion and somatic hybrids have been obtained. Numerous experiments show that plant protoplasts, because of their structural specificity, not only provide excellent experimental materials for a series of basic theoretical researches such as cytology and genetics, but also because protoplasts are easy to ingest exogenous genetic material or organelles and are easy to be Accept external physico-chemical mutagenesis, resulting in clonal mutants with different uses. In particular, various bases are broadly combined by inducing the fusion of the protoplasts of the distant plant