西藏高海拔地区藏族初中生角膜生物学参数特征分析

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目的

分析长期居住在拉萨市墨竹工卡县的藏族初中学生角膜生物学参数。

方法

采用横断面研究方法,于2020年5月采集长期居住在拉萨市墨竹工卡县的1 784名藏族初中生的性别、年龄、年级等基本信息及角膜生物学参数,采用电脑随机数字分配法随机选取每位受检者单眼数据进行统计分析,最终共有690名藏族初中生纳入本研究,其中男366眼,女324眼;12~15岁461眼,16~20岁229眼;左、右眼各345眼。采用SIRIUS天狼星三维角膜地形图及眼前节分析系统测定受检者双眼角膜最薄点厚度(TCT)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、前房深度(ACD)、虹膜角膜夹角、模拟K1、模拟K2、角膜最薄点位置。采用直方图和Q-Q图法分析除角膜最薄点位置外的其他各角膜生物学连续变量的分布特征,比较不同性别、年龄、眼别间各生物学参数的差异,并通过文献复习与其他民族相关资料进行比较。

结果

拉萨市墨竹工卡县的藏族初中学生中右眼ACD为(3.31±0.27)mm,左眼为(3.26±0.26)mm,不同眼别间ACD差异有统计学意义(t=0.745,P=0.012)。受检者中右眼TCT、CCT、虹膜角膜夹角、模拟K1、模拟K2分别为(504.99±30.73)μm、(509.10±35.82)μm、(47.45±5.70)°、(43.15±1.89)D、(44.16±2.29)D,左眼分别为(503.34±29.22)μm、(508.36±28.75)μm、(47.86±5.88)°、(43.06±1.40)D、(44.16±1.53)D,不同眼别间上述参数差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。男性ACD和虹膜角膜夹角值明显高于女性,模拟K1和模拟K2值低于女性,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同性别间TCT和CCT比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。12~15岁组间与16~20岁组间各角膜参数比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。受检眼中右眼角膜最薄点主要分布于颞下象限内,左眼主要分布于颞上象限内。

结论

久居高海拔地区的藏族初中学生的部分角膜生物学参数可能与其他种族人群存在差异。眼科医生在对久居高海拔地区的藏族青少年进行角膜和屈光性疾病诊治时应据此做出适当调整。

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