目的　加深对以发热、胸积液为首发症状的特殊类型的淋巴瘤的认识。方法　对 8例首发表现为感染性胸积液而最后经胸腔镜检查及追踪确诊为淋巴瘤患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果　少数淋巴瘤可以感染性胸积液为首发的临床表现 ,而无其他淋巴组织损害。诊断主要依靠胸腔镜胸膜活检。结论　少部分淋巴瘤以胸积液为单一的首发表现 ,推测可能与原发于胸膜淋巴组织有关。盲目使用皮质激素可影响病情观察而耽误诊治 Objectives To deepen our understanding of specific types of lymphomas with fever and pleural effusion as their first symptoms. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 8 patients with first presentation of infectious pleural effusion and finally thoracoscopic examination and follow-up diagnosis of lymphoma. Results A small number of lymphomas can be the first clinical manifestation of infectious pleural effusion without other lymphoid tissue damage. Diagnosis depends mainly on thoracoscopic pleural biopsy. Conclusion A small number of lymphomas have a single initial appearance of pleural effusion, presumably related to primary pleural lymphoid tissues. Blind use of corticosteroids can affect observation and delay diagnosis and treatment