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中国废弃家电回收处理产业是固体废物处理行业的一个细分领域。近二十年来,该产业逐渐形成了一个大规模的自发性市场;由于历史发展及社会认识的滞后,目前该产业已成为高度污染产业之一。近些年来产业的市场负面效应获得广泛关注,政府密集出台了若干法律法规,采取了一些管理措施,但管控效果不彰,环境健康损害依旧严重。文章分析了中国废弃家电回收处理产业的特点,基于此提出政府改善产业管理效果的三方面策略:首先,调整产业管理重心策略。将以往政府主要关注下游处理企业,调整为重视市场上游货流可控回收渠道的建设;其次,改进产业发展扶持方式策略。重点直接扶持市场上游的回收商,努力控制住废弃家电货流去向。政府采取间接的市场手段来扶助下游合规处理企业发展;最后,综合治理策略。对于目前市场处理环节的小、散、乱局面,需开展全方位综合治理。
China Waste Appliance Recycling Industry is a segment of the solid waste treatment industry. In the recent two decades, the industry has gradually formed a large-scale spontaneous market. Due to the lag of historical development and social awareness, the industry has become one of the highly polluting industries. In recent years, the negative market effect of the industry has received widespread attention. The government has promulgated certain laws and regulations and adopted some management measures. However, the control effect is not good and the environmental health damage is still serious. This paper analyzes the characteristics of China’s recycling of waste electrical appliances industry, based on which the government proposed to improve industrial management in three ways: First, adjust the focus of industrial management strategy. In the past, the government mainly focused on downstream processing enterprises and adjusted their emphasis on the construction of controllable recovery channels for upstream flow in the market. Second, they improved the strategy of supporting industrial development. Focus directly on the market to support the upstream recyclers, and strive to control the fate of abandoned home appliances. The government adopts indirect market measures to help the downstream compliance development of enterprises; Finally, the comprehensive management strategy. For the current market processing part of the small, scattered and chaotic situation, comprehensive and comprehensive management needs to be carried out.