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目的:研究上气道低阻力咽腔力学环境改变对咽部软组织(悬雍垂、软腭和鼻咽腔)形态及力学特性的影响。方法:用小型猪建立上气道低阻力动物模型来模拟阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)症状,对动物模型的咽组织(包括鼻咽腔软组织、软腭和悬雍垂)进行单轴拉伸实验,离体检测各部分的弹性,并和正常情形进行对比。同时使用电镜观察低阻力给气道造成的组织学改变。结果:与对照组相比,模型组小型猪的悬雍垂、软腭力学特性发生显著改变,在相同的张应力作用下,模型猪的悬雍垂、软腭更容易拉长。电镜观察表明:低阻力咽腔力学环境造成模型组悬雍垂、软腭纤维组织增生,炎症细胞浸润。结论:上气道低阻力形成类似于OSAHS症状的咽腔力学环境改变,可以引起包括软腭和悬雍垂在内的咽部软组织发生易于OSAHS形成和发展的重建。
Objective: To study the effects of low resistance aeropharyngeal mechanical environment on the morphology and mechanical properties of pharyngeal soft tissues (uvula, soft palate and nasopharyngeal cavity). Methods: Animal models of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAHS) were established in mini-pigs with low-resistance upper animal models and uniaxial tensioned pharyngeal tissues (including nasopharyngeal soft tissue, soft palate and uvula) Stretching experiments, ex vivo testing of the flexibility of each part, and compared with the normal situation. At the same time using electron microscopy to observe the low resistance to the airway caused by histological changes. Results: Compared with the control group, the uvula and the soft palate mechanical properties of the miniature pigs in the model group changed significantly. Under the same tensile stress, the uvula and soft palate of model pigs were easier to elongate. Electron microscopy showed that: the mechanical environment of low resistance pharyngeal cavity caused the model group uvula, soft palate fiber proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: The low resistance of the upper airway leads to the change of pharyngeal mechanics environment similar to the OSAHS symptom, which can cause the reconstruction of pharyngeal soft tissue including soft palate and uvula to be easy for the formation and development of OSAHS.