目的研究棉尘对工人气道反应性的影响。方法对一组接尘新工人进行了５年的前瞻性观察。结果暴露后激发试验ＦＥＶ１的下降率平均在３％～５％之间，均大于暴露前的下降率。吸烟与特异体质两因素在暴露早期对气道反应性的增高有促进作用。激发试验ＦＥＶ１下降率＞５％及＞１０％者随暴露时间延长呈逐年上升趋势，且在第５年出现１例＞２０％者。结论棉尘职业暴露可引起新工人气道反应性的增高。吸烟与特异体质是可能的危险因素 Objective To study the effect of cotton dust on the airway responsiveness of workers. Methods A group of new workers exposed to dust were prospectively observed for 5 years. Results The rate of decline of FEV1 in the challenge test after exposure was on an average between 3% and 5%, both of which were higher than those before the exposure. Smoking and specific physical two factors in early exposure to promote airway responsiveness. Excitation test FEV1 decline rate of> 5% and> 10% with the exposure time showed an upward trend year by year, and in the fifth year appeared in> 20%. Conclusion Occupational exposure to cotton dust can cause new workers to increase airway responsiveness. Smoking and specific physical fitness are possible risk factors