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卵母细胞的非整倍体改变是体外受精失败的重要原因。从纺锤体形成到染色单体分离出现的异常都有可能导致染色体的分离不均,从而导致非整倍体产生。卵细胞的线粒体结构与功能异常可导致卵细胞功能丧失,以至受精失败。第一极体的形成是卵细胞胞核成熟的标志,通过评估其形态可了解卵细胞的老化程度。近年采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)、光谱核型分析(SKY)、比较基因组杂交(CGH)、聚合酶链反应(PCR)等先进的分子生物学技术可分析全部染色体。分子遗传学方法比细胞遗传学快速,在收到标本24～48h即可得到结果,有快速、准确、效率高、特异性好、敏感度高等优点。
Oocyte aneuploidy changes in vitro fertilization is an important failure. Abnormalities from the formation of spindles to the separation of the chromatids can lead to uneven segregation of chromosomes, resulting in aneuploidy. Egg cell mitochondrial structure and dysfunction can lead to loss of egg function, as well as fertilization failure. The formation of the first polar body is a marker of egg cell nucleus maturation, and its shape can be used to understand the aging of egg cells. In recent years, all chromosomes have been analyzed by advanced molecular biology techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), spectral karyotyping (SKY), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Molecular genetics is faster than cytogenetics, and results are available 24-48 hours after it has been received. It is fast, accurate, efficient, specific, and sensitive.