BACKGROUND:?Hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence may result in hepatic insufifciency or dysfunction of liver grafts. This study was to reevaluate the preventive effect of lamivudine therapy pretransplant on HBV recurrence after liver transplantation with combined lamivudine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) as a prophylactic regimen. METHODS:?This is a single-center, retrospective study of 122 liver transplant recipients operated on from January 2002 to September 2006 at our hospital. All subjects showed positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA in blood, without HBV mutation in YMDD at the time of liver transplantation. The protocol with combined lamivudine and HBIG for preventing HBV recurrence was used on the day of operation. The initial immunosuppression therapy was identical. After one year follow-up, the recipients were divided into 2 groups:patients without HBV recurrence (groupⅠ) and patients with HBV recurrence (group Ⅱ). Preoperative lamivudine therapy and postoperative mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and glucocorticoid therapy were analyzed using the Wilcoxons test and Stepwise logistic regression method. RESULTS:?In the HBV recurrence group, the duration of pre-transplant lamivudine administration was signiifcantly longer than that in the without HBV recurrence group (Z=-4.424, P=0.000). The HBV recurrence rate was signiifcantly higher in patients with preoperativelamivudine therapy than in patients without lamivudine therapy (χ2=13.11, P=0.000); the risk of HBV recurrence increased by a 10.909-fold in patients with pre-transplant lamivudine therapy compared with that in patients without lamivudine therapy (OR=10.909; 95% CI for OR: 2.86-41.67). Seven (63.6%) of 11 HBV recurrence recipients had YMDD mutants. The duration of MMF or glucocorticoid was not different between the 2 groups (ZMMF=-1.453, PMMF=0.146; ZPre=-0.795, PPre=0.427). No signiifcant difference was noted in the HBV recurrent rate in patients with MMF duration ≤6 and >6 months (χ2=0.185, P=0.667), as it was in patients with prednisone therapy≤3 and>3 months (χ2=0.067, P=0.793). CONCLUSIONS:?With the protocol of combined lamivudine and HBIG for preventing HBV recurrence in liver transplantation recipients, liver transplantation candidates with positive HBV DNA should not be subjected to preoperative administration of lamivudine. A high dose of HBIG during the ahepatic period and in the early stage of post-transplantation can fulifll the treatment target as a long-term lamivudine therapy before liver transplantation. Long-term preoperative lamivudine treatment may result in an earlier HBV mutation in YMDD and increase the HBV recurrence rate and risk in the ifrst year after transplantation.