以石油沥青为原料,通过空气氧化稳定化及炭化方法成功制备出钠离子电池用硬炭负极材料.研究了不同氧化稳定化温度下样品组成、结构的变化,及其对炭化样品形貌、结构和储钠性能的影响.结果表明,空气氧化处理可以引入大量的含氧官能团,诱导脱氢缩合和氧化交联反应的发生,使石油沥青发生由热塑性向热固性的转化.空气氧化稳定化处理有效地阻碍了沥青在高温炭化中固有的石墨化倾向,使碳层堆叠变得无序、同时产生更多的缺陷位.电化学测试结果表明,在100 mA g?1的电流密度下,与直接炭化样品PDC-1400相比,350℃氧化稳定化、1400℃炭化的硬炭样品o-PDC-350-1400的比容量提升约1.8倍(达到276.8 mAh g?1);首效提高22％(达到73.38％).样品o-PDC-350-1400循环200圈后,充电比容量达170.2 mAh g?1,具有良好的循环稳定性.“,”Hard carbon anode materials for sodium ion batteries were prepared from petroleum pitch by air oxidation stabiliza-tion followed by carbonization. The effects of the oxidation stabilization temperature on the compositions and microstructures of the oxidized samples, as well as on the morphology, microstructure and sodium storage property of the carbonized samples were invest-igated. Results show that air oxidation introduces a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups, induces dehydrogenation condensation and oxidative crosslinking reactions, and transforms the petroleum asphalt from thermoplastic to thermosetting. The air oxidation stabilization treatment effectively hinders the inherent tendency of asphalt to graphitize during high temperature carboniza-tion, resulting in carbons with randomly oriented carbon layers with more defects. Electrochemical tests show that o-PDC-350-1400 (oxidation stabilization at 350 ℃, carbonization at 1400 ℃) has a high charging specific capacity of 276.8 mAh g?1 at 100 mA g?1 and a high initial coulombic efficiency of 73.38％. Compared with sample PDC-1400 that was directly carbonized at 1400 ℃, the charging specific capacity was increased by about 1.8 times and the initial coulombic efficiency was increased by 22％. The charging specific capacity of o-PDC-350-1400 after 200 cycles reached 170.2 mAh g?1, indicating good cycling stability.