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任何炎症过程都存在两种类型的反应:(1)局部反应——各种血管和细胞的反应,包括多种介质的释放。例如,在焦磷酸钙诱发性胸膜炎中已证明存在着组胺、5-羟色胺(5-HT)、激肽、前列腺素(PGE_2、F_(2α))和环核苷酸等物质;(2)全身反应——发热、疼痛、血中及炎症区白细胞增多、血浆蛋白增多。在血浆蛋白中,除白蛋白外,尚有一些称为“急性期反应质”(APR) 的蛋白质,如触珠蛋白(Hp)、血液结合素(HpX)、α_2-巨球蛋白(α_2M)和血清淀粉状蛋白P组分(SAP),它们是由肝细胞合成。炎症时它们的增加并非由于释放增加,而是新合成增多。APR的生物合成由下列因素引起:RNA聚合酶激活、肝细胞蛋白合成增多、内质网和高尔基器增大、糖基转移酶激活等。炎性渗出液中APR的明显增多可能与抗蛋白酶功能有关,并在炎症反应中有一种长时作用。
There are two types of reactions in any inflammatory process: (1) local reactions - reactions of various blood vessels and cells, including the release of multiple mediators. For example, substances such as histamine, serotonin (5-HT), kinin, prostaglandin (PGE 2, F 2α) and cyclic nucleotides have been demonstrated in calcium pyrophosphate-induced pleurisy; Systemic reactions - fever, pain, blood and inflammatory areas increased leukocytes, plasma protein increased. Among the plasma proteins, besides albumin, there are some proteins called “acute phase reactive substances” (APRs) such as haptoglobin (Hp), hemaggluin (HpX), α_2-macroglobulin (α_2M) And serum amyloid P component (SAP), which are synthesized by hepatocytes. Their increased inflammation did not result from increased release, but rather increased new synthesis. The biosynthesis of APR is caused by RNA polymerase activation, increased hepatocyte protein synthesis, increased endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, glycosyltransferase activation and the like. A significant increase in APR in inflammatory exudates may be related to anti-protease function and may have a long-lasting effect on the inflammatory response.