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钛及钛合金由于具有优秀的抗腐蚀性、生物相容性、低密度和高的比强度等特性,而被应用于生物医学方面。然而,与人骨相比,钛合金的弹性模量较高,可达100～110GPa,而人骨的弹性模量只有10～30 GPa。虽然与其它金属材料相比具有与骨较为接近的弹性模量,但仍远远高于骨的弹性模量,这就容易造成钛与人体骨界面上力学性能的不匹配,如直接植入则会带来“应力屏蔽”效应,因此对钛及钛合金进行处理来降低弹性模量和提高活性成为当前研究的热点。目前主要通过两种途径来改善纯钛及其合金的生物活性和生物相容性问题,一种就是通过各种不同工艺在纯钛及其合金表面涂覆羟基磷灰石及生物玻璃涂层,另一种是将生物活性材料HA作为一种活性相混入纯钛及其合金中,形成一种微观复合材料。本文重点介绍了近年来钛基生物复合材料的研究进展。
Titanium and titanium alloys have been used in biomedical applications due to their excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, low density and high specific strength. However, compared with human bone, the titanium alloy has a high elastic modulus of 100 to 110 GPa, whereas the human bone has a modulus of elasticity of 10 to 30 GPa. Although compared with other metallic materials, it has a modulus of elasticity close to that of bone, but it is still much higher than the elastic modulus of bone, which easily results in the mismatch between the mechanical properties of titanium and the human bone interface. For example, Will bring “stress shielding ” effect, so the treatment of titanium and titanium alloys to reduce the elastic modulus and increase activity become the hotspot of current research. At present, there are mainly two ways to improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility of pure titanium and its alloys. One is to coat the pure titanium and its alloy with hydroxyapatite and bioglass coating through various processes, The other is the bioactive material HA as an active phase mixed with pure titanium and its alloys to form a micro-composite material. This article focuses on the research progress of titanium-based bio-composites in recent years.