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传统的高度集中的计划经济体制从根本上排斥市场机制的作用,它以直接的经济计划、产品分配取代了经济社会中的商品自由交换关系,具有浓厚的产品经济特征。这种产品经济不仅影响制约着企业的生产经营行为,甚至也影响制约着个人的消费行为。对于后者,不仅表现为消费品市场中的“凭票供应”现象,同时也表现为“企业办社会”现象的普遍存在。在我国国有大中型企业中,企业办社会部分主要包括各种服务机构、福利设施等,如职工住房、职工医院、子弟学校、幼儿园、商店、食堂、招待所、浴室等等,其所占用的资产被称之为非生产性资产。被调查企业的数据表明,不少企业的非生产性资产占总资产的比例都高达10％以上,如四川某国有企业固定资产净值为6368万元(帐面数,下同),其中生产性资产为4570万元,非生产性资产为798万元,占总资产的14.8％;福利、公益型体系从业职工多达330人,占全厂职工总数的11％;每年支付工资在115万元,占职工工资总额的10.3％。更有甚者,被调查的湖北一家国有企业,其非生产性资产有5000多万元,占总资产的比例竟高达1/3以上,并有占职工总人数1/5左右的人员与之配套。
The traditional highly centralized planned economic system fundamentally excludes the role of market mechanisms. It replaces the free exchange of goods in the economy and society with direct economic plans and product distribution, and has a strong product economy. This kind of product economy not only affects the production and operation of enterprises, but also affects the individual’s consumer behavior. For the latter, it not only shows the phenomenon of “vouching on the supply of tickets” in the consumer goods market, but also shows the prevalence of “enterprise-run society”. Among the state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises in China, the enterprise-run social part mainly includes various service agencies and welfare facilities, such as employee housing, employee hospitals, children’s schools, kindergartens, shops, canteens, guest houses, and bathrooms. It is called non-productive assets. The data of the companies surveyed indicate that many companies’ non-productive assets account for more than 10% of total assets. For example, the net value of fixed assets of a certain state-owned enterprise in Sichuan is 63.68 million yuan (account number, the same below), among which productivity The assets are 45.7 million yuan, the non-productive assets are 7.98 million yuan, accounting for 14.8% of the total assets; the welfare and public welfare systems employ up to 330 employees, accounting for 11% of the total number of employees in the whole factory; annual salary is paid 1.15 million yuan. , accounting for 10.3% of the total wages of employees. What is more, a state-owned enterprise surveyed in Hubei has more than 50 million yuan in non-productive assets, accounting for more than one-third of the total assets, and has about one-fifth of the total number of employees. Supporting.