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微纳流体光波导融合了微观流体与微光学特征,能够在相同物理空间实现流体介质和微光学信息功能及结构的集成,是生物化学分析及生物传感器的关键器件。本文综述了微纳流体光波导研究现状及其在生物传感器和生物化学分析中的应用实例。论述了实现微纳流体光波导的全反射机理、多层干涉效应,抗谐振反射机理,以及基于上述机理实现的各种流体波导形式。重点分析了基于微纳流体层流效应的全流体波导,基于多层干涉效应的Bragg光波导、空心光子晶体波导、狭缝光流体波导、抗谐振反射光波导等多种波导的特点。指出狭缝光流体波导和抗谐振反射光波导具有更好的设计灵活性,且检测灵敏度高、可靠性好、易于集成制造,可望在生物传感器及微纳流体光学系统中得到更广泛的应用。
The micro-nano-fluid optical waveguide combines microfluidic and micro-optical characteristics to enable the integration of fluid media and micro-optical information functions and structures in the same physical space. It is a key component of biochemical analysis and biosensors. This review summarizes the current research status of micro-nano fluid optical waveguide and its application in biosensors and biochemical analysis. The total reflection mechanism, multi-layer interference effect, anti-resonance reflection mechanism of micro / nano-fluid optical waveguide are discussed, and various forms of fluid waveguides are realized based on the above mechanism. The characteristics of all-liquid waveguide based on the laminar flow effect of micro-nano fluid, Bragg waveguide based on multi-layer interference effect, hollow photonic crystal waveguide, slit optical fluid waveguide and anti-resonance reflected optical waveguide are emphatically analyzed. It is pointed out that the slit optical fluid waveguides and the anti-resonant reflective optical waveguides have better design flexibility and high detection sensitivity, good reliability and easy integration and manufacture, and are expected to be more widely used in biosensors and micro / nano-fluid optical systems .