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变态反应又称超敏反应,是机体受某种抗原刺激后产生的一种病理性免疫应答,意指免疫应答反应增高的状态。变态反应具有抗原特异性,多于再次接触同样抗原时发生。变态反应的发生主要与机体的免疫机能状态有关。例如,临床上经常使用的青霉素所引起的超敏反应,只在极少数人发生,而且出现的临床症状也不相同,重者可出现过敏性休克,轻者仅出现荨麻疹。但有些变态反应类型,如结核菌素迟发型变态反应与个体差异关系不大。目前多数根据变态反应的发生机理和临床特点,分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型。
Allergy, also known as hypersensitivity, is a pathological immune response produced by the body after being stimulated by an antigen, meaning an elevated immune response. Allergy is antigen-specific, occurring more than the same antigen again. The occurrence of allergy mainly with the body’s immune function state. For example, clinically frequent use of penicillin caused by hypersensitivity reactions, only in a very small number of people, but also the clinical symptoms are not the same, severe cases can occur anaphylactic shock, the only cases of urticaria. However, some allergic types, such as tuberculin delayed type allergy and individual differences have little to do. At present, most according to the mechanism of occurrence and clinical features of allergy, divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ type.