目的探讨影响城市初一年级学生健康相关生存质量的因素及其作用方式,为改善中学生生存质量提供依据。方法多阶段随机整群抽取643名太原市初一学生,采用健康相关生存质量评价量表和学校生活满意度评价量表进行问卷调查,以生存质量4个维度为内生变量,学校生活满意度5个方面为中间变量,学生的社会人口学指标为外生变量,建立通径网络模型。结果对初一学生生理功能影响由大到小的因素为师生及同学关系、对自己学习效率及能力的满意度、性别、家庭结构、是否独生、父亲文化程度,通径系数分别为0.253,0.171,-0.162,-0.147,-0.018,0.017;对情感功能影响由大到小的因素为师生及同学关系、老师和同学对自己的学习表现、对自己学习效率及能力的满意度、学习环境、家庭结构、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、性别、是否独生,通径系数分别为0.277,0.216,0.167,-0.158,-0.155,0.126,0.118,-0.118,0.116;对社交功能影响由大到小的因素为师生及同学关系、家庭结构、老师和同学对自己的学习表现、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度,通径系数分别为0.469,-0.333,0.206,0.091,0.088;对角色功能影响由大到小的因素为家庭结构、对自己学习效率及能力的满意度、老师和同学对自己的学习表现、父亲文化程度、师生及同学关系、母亲文化程度、是否独生,通径系数分别为-0.379,0.276,0.231,0.188,0.179,0.125,-0.086。结论初一年级学生生存质量与诸多因素有关。可采取有针对性的措施,提高青少年生存质量。 Objective To explore the factors influencing the health-related quality of life of students in the first grade in urban areas and their mode of action, and to provide basis for improving the quality of life of middle school students. Methods A total of 643 freshmen in Taiyuan city were recruited by multi-stage randomized cluster analysis. The health-related quality of life questionnaire and school life satisfaction questionnaire were used for questionnaire survey. The four dimensions of quality of life were endogenous variables, and the school life satisfaction Five aspects are intermediate variables, and students’ socio-demographic indicators are exogenous variables. A path network model is established. Results The factors influencing the physiology function of the first grade students from big to small were the relationship between teachers and students and their classmates, satisfaction with their own learning efficiency and ability, gender, family structure, whether they were born single, father’s education level and path coefficient were 0.253 , 0.171, -0.162, -0.147, -0.018,0.017. Factors that affect the emotional function from big to small are the relationship between teachers and students and their classmates, the performance of their own learning by teachers and students, their satisfaction with their learning efficiency and ability, The learning environment, family structure, father ’s education level, mother’ s education level, sex, whether or not only, the path coefficient were 0.277,0.216,0.167, -0.158, -0.155,0.126,0.118,0.118,0.116 respectively; From big to small, the relationship between teachers and students and their classmates, family structure, teachers and students’ learning performance, father’s education level, mother’s education level and path coefficient were 0.469, -0.333,0.206,0.091,0.088 respectively; Role of the descending order of the factors affecting the family structure, the satisfaction of their learning efficiency and ability, teachers and students on their own learning performance, father’s education, teacher-student relationship, mother’s culture Degree, whether orphan, path coefficient were -0.379,0.276,0.231,0.188,0.179,0.125,0.086. Conclusion The quality of life of first grade students is related to many factors. Targeted measures can be taken to improve the quality of life for adolescents.