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流行性脑脊髓膜炎、简称流脑,是由脑膜炎双球菌引起的急性呼吸道传染病,祖国医学属于春瘟、冬瘟范围。传染源主要为病人和带菌者。本病流行于冬末春初,以2—3月为发病高峰,15岁以下的小儿多见,成人亦有发病者。流脑的潜伏期为2—3天,最短为1天,最长为7天。根据细菌在体内的途径,其症状大致可分三期:上呼吸道感染期、菌血症期和脑膜炎期。由于病情进展迅速常不易截然分清。根据临床症状和体征的特点可分为普通型、轻型、暴发型、和慢性型。
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, referred to as meningitis, is caused by meningococcal acute respiratory disease, motherland belongs to the spring blast, winter blast range. The main source of infection for patients and carriers. The disease is endemic in the late winter and early spring to peak incidence in February-March, more common in children under the age of 15, adults also have the disease. The incubation period of meningitis is 2-3 days, the shortest is 1 day, the longest is 7 days. According to the way of bacteria in the body, the symptoms can be divided into three phases: upper respiratory tract infection, bacteremia and meningitis. As the rapid progression of the disease is often not easy to distinguish clearly. According to the characteristics of clinical symptoms and signs can be divided into ordinary type, light type, fulminant type, and chronic type.