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“仁”虽是孔子的基本思想,但它却是建立在“民”的基础上,据笔者统计,《论语》一书“民”字出现49次,足见以孔子为代表的先秦儒家在其思想发蒙之初对“民”的关注。了解孔子等早期儒家的民本思想将有利我们探讨其“仁”的内涵。上博简《诗论》集中记载了目前最为详细的孔子及其后学论诗的材料,保存了孔门讲授《诗》中民情民俗的大量材料,向我们传达出其对民之情性的认识。虽然《诗论》的作者尚不能完全肯定为孔子,但该篇保存了大量的孔子诗论却是无疑,而被学界争议为《诗论》作者的子夏、子羔,其对“民”的认识也属于以孔子为代表的早期儒家思想体系,因此《诗论》对民之情性的认识反映了以孔子为代表的早期儒家民本思想的一面。基于这点,本文将从《诗论》中的解诗来探讨早期儒家对民之情性的认识。
Although “Ren” is the basic idea of Confucius, it is based on “people ”. According to the statistics of the author, 49 words appear in the Analects of Confucius, The Pre - Qin Confucianists represented the concern of “people” in the beginning of their thoughts. Understanding the people-oriented ideology of Confucius and other early Confucianists will help us explore the connotation of its “benevolence.” The “Poetics” of the Bamboo Slips on the Bamboo Slips concentrates on the most detailed materials of Confucius and later poetics at the present time, preserving a large amount of materials taught by Confucius in “Poetry” and conveying us the affection for the people understanding. Although the author of “Poetic Theory” can not yet completely confirm Confucius, it holds a great deal of Confucian poetics but there is no doubt that it was argued by academic circles as the author of “Poetic Theory” “Also belongs to the early Confucian ideology system represented by Confucius. Therefore, the understanding of the poetic nature of the poem theory reflects the aspect of the Confucianist thought of the early Confucianism represented by Confucius. Based on this, this article will explore the early Confucian understanding of the affection of the people from the interpretation of poetry in ”Poetics."