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一直以来,实验室研究、流行病学调查和最近的随机对照临床试验都表明阿司匹林可以降低结直肠癌的风险。出于对潜在的副作用如胃肠道出血的考虑,此前美国预防医学工作组的专家曾经建议对于处于平均风险的普通人群不要常规使用阿司匹林来预防结直肠癌。然而,最近的高质量证据表明,阿司匹林不仅可以预防结直肠癌,对其它癌症也有预防作用。因此,值得重新考虑阿司匹林是否可常规用于癌症预防这个问题。本文总结了这些支持阿司匹林化学预防功效的有力证据,认为阿司匹林广泛的抗癌效应加上它在预防心血管疾病中的作用可能推动阿司匹林在众多患者中的长期应用。
All along, laboratory studies, epidemiological investigations, and recent randomized controlled clinical trials have shown that aspirin can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. For consideration of potential side effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding, experts from the US Preventive Medicine Working Group had previously recommended that aspirin should not be routinely used to prevent colorectal cancer in the average population at average risk. However, recent high-quality evidence suggests that aspirin can not only prevent colorectal cancer but also prevent other cancers. Therefore, it is worth rethinking whether aspirin can be routinely used for cancer prevention. This article summarizes these strong evidences for the efficacy of aspirin in chemoprevention and concludes that the widespread anticancer effect of aspirin plus its role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease may contribute to the long-term use of aspirin in many patients.