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近年来,为满足小断距、低幅度构造和薄互储层勘探对地震成像精度及分辨率的要求,宽方位、高密度地震勘探采集技术得到持续的攻关。宽方位地震资料为不同角度的储层研究提供了可能,缩小面元尺寸、加密空间和时间域的数据采集密度,增加了目的层的有效覆盖次数,在提高资料信噪比的基础上提高地震资料的纵横向分辨率。在对信噪比、分辨率和空间采样等几个关键因素分析的基础上,论述了全方位高密度三维观测系统设计方法。对单点与组合检波器接收的优缺点、综合效果与效率进行了分析:长期以来,为抵抗噪音、提高地震能量和信噪比,地震采集接收技术研究侧重于组内距、组合基距、组合图形的比较。组合接收虽然提高了地震原始资料的信噪比,但造成的地震波失真也较大。而单点接收的地震波动态范围更大、频带范围更宽、地震分辨率也较高,适合高密度、小面元目标勘探的精细成像,并且可以通过高覆盖次数提高信噪比。大港油田于2014—2015年部署了针对致密储层的全方位、高密度单点接收采集试验,观测系统采用了10 m×10 m的面元、横纵比为1.0、炮道密度达到361万道,获得了高密度地震资料满覆盖面积56km~2。通过与常规三维地震资料的对比,展示了全方位高密度单点采集地震资料在薄互储层研究、致密储层各向异性分析等方面的潜力。
In recent years, wide-azimuth and high-density seismic exploration acquisition techniques have been continuously tackled in order to meet the requirements of seismic imaging accuracy and resolution of small-breakage, low-amplitude structures and thin interbedded reservoir exploration. Wide-azimuth seismic data provide the potential for reservoir research at different angles, reduce the data collection density of the bin size, the encryption space and the time domain, increase the effective coverage of the target layer, and increase the signal to noise ratio based on the improvement of the earthquake Data vertical and horizontal resolution. Based on the analysis of several key factors such as signal-noise ratio, resolution and spatial sampling, the design method of omni-directional high-density 3D observation system is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of single-point and combination receivers are analyzed. The comprehensive effect and efficiency are analyzed. For a long time, in order to resist the noise and improve the seismic energy and signal-to-noise ratio, the research on seismic acquisition and reception focuses on the distance between groups, Combinations of composite graphics. Although the combined reception improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the original seismic data, the seismic wave distortion caused is also larger. However, the single-point receiving seismic wave has a wider dynamic range, a wider frequency band and a higher seismic resolution, which is suitable for fine imaging of high-density, small-facet target exploration and can improve the signal-to-noise ratio through high coverage. In 2014-2015, Dagang Oilfield deployed a full range of high-density single-point receiver acquisition experiments on tight reservoirs. The observation system adopted a 10 m × 10 m bin with an aspect ratio of 1.0 and a shot density of 3.61 million Road, access to high-density seismic data covering a total area of 56km ~ 2. By comparing with the conventional 3D seismic data, the potential of omnidirectional high-density single-point seismic data acquisition in thin interbedded reservoirs and anisotropic analysis of tight reservoirs is demonstrated.