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为了探究玉米品种宜机收性能和评价玉米机收效果,于2016年在云南夏玉米生产区进行田间试验研究。机收性能采用品种单因素完全随机试验设计方法,机收质量采用了两种不同收获类型的收割机进行评定。结果表明:玉米品种机收性能主要体现在抗茎腐病、穗粒腐病及籽粒含水量指标方面,且不同品种间差异显著。穗收条件下,除了果穗含杂率以外,果穗损失率、籽粒损失率及苞叶剥净率等机收质量指标均未达到标准要求,这主要和收获时高的籽粒含水量有关;籽粒直收条件下,在植株倒伏较为严重的情况下,籽粒损失率、籽粒破损率及籽粒含杂率等机收质量指标均达到了标准要求,这主要是由于玉米适时晚收、籽粒含水量低及选用高性能作业的收割机类型有关。本次研究明确了云南夏玉米宜机收性能指标3个,筛选出高效作业收割机1套(4LZ-2.5 PRO6 8 8 Q+4 YG-4 A籽粒割台),从而为今后高产宜机收玉米品种的筛选和高效作业收割机配套栽培研究奠定了基础。
In order to explore the maize variety suitable for harvesting performance and evaluate the corn harvesting effect, a field experiment was conducted in the summer maize producing area of Yunnan in 2016. Machine income performance using a single factor completely randomized experimental design method, the machine received two different types of harvest harvester quality assessment. The results showed that the mechanical harvesting performance of maize cultivars was mainly reflected in the indicators of stem rot resistance, ear rot and kernel water content, and the differences among different varieties were significant. Spike harvest conditions, in addition to the ears of the hybrid rate, the loss rate of ear, grain loss rate and husk leaching rate and other machine received quality indicators did not meet the standard requirements, mainly with high grain moisture content at harvest; grain straight Under the condition of harvesting, under the conditions of serious plant lodging, the grain quality, grain breakage rate and kernel impurity content of the machine meet the standard requirements, which are mainly due to the late harvest of corn, the low water content of grain, Use high-performance operation of the harvester type. In this study, 3 indicators of yunnan summer maize should be collected and 1 set of 4LZ-2.5 PRO6 8 8 Q + 4 YG-4 A grain header should be screened out. Therefore, Maize variety screening and efficient operation of the harvester supporting cultivation laid the foundation.