研究中世纪史的欧洲史学者在著述时不得不面对一大堆头绪纷繁的古文书冥思苦想。然而蒙古史与西藏史家们的境遇却与其同行大相径庭。换言之，即幸存至今，且仍可供蒙藏史家们利用的史料只遗存很少一部分了，尤其是蒙古大帝国时期的蒙文文献更是凤毛麟角①。如若将诸如诏书、文 European historians of medieval history have had to confront a great deal of ancient writings in their writings. However, the history of Mongolia and the history of Tibetan historians are quite different from their peers. In other words, only a small part of the historical material that survived to this day and is still available to Mongolian and Mongolian historians remains, especially in the Mongol Empire. If such as edict, text