乳糜胸是新生儿呼吸窘迫鉴别诊断中罕见的疾病 ,却是新生儿期胸腔积液最常见的原因。发病率估计为出生婴儿中的 1 / 1 0 0 0 0至NICU中的1 / 2 0 0 0 [1,2 ] 。从 1 91 7年Pisek首先描述此病以来 ,对它的认识已将近一个世纪 ,病死率曾高达 2 0 %～5 0 %。死亡主要由于病情迁延 Chylothorax is a rare disease in neonatal respiratory distress differential diagnosis, but it is the most common cause of neonatal pleural effusion. The morbidity is estimated at 1 in 100 000 at birth to 1/2000 in NICU [1,2]. Since Pisek first described the disease in 1971, it has been recognized for nearly a century and its case fatality rate has been as high as 20% to 50%. Death is mainly due to prolonged illness