目的了解青海省农村牧区水源类型、取水方式、饮用水卫生现状,为制定饮用水卫生安全发展规划提供科学依据。方法于2006年丰水期,采用《农村牧区饮用水调查表》对监测点进行调查,内容包括一般情况、水源类型、供水方式、覆盖人口。按照《生活饮用水水质卫生规范》(2001)对水样进行采集、保存,按照《生活饮用水标准检验法》(2001)进行检验,检验结果按照《农村实施“生活饮用水卫生标准”准则》进行评价。结果共调查11个县,农村牧区人口1741231人,占全省人口的32.3%。集中式供水覆盖人口1013283人,占58.19%;分散式供水覆盖人口727948人,占41.81%。以地面水为饮用水源的人口411119人,占23.6%,其中,以饮用江河水人口所占比例最高[53.6%(220252/411119)],饮用湖泊水人口所占比例最低[0.2%(837/411119)]。以地下水为饮用水源的人口1330112人,占76.4%,其中,以饮用泉水人口所占比例最高[83.2%(1107048/1330112)],以饮用深井水人口所占比例最低[4.6%(60598/1330112)]。集中式供水水厂638个,其中,水源水经完全处理的自来水厂11个,仅占1.7%,饮用人口94417人,仅占9.3%。分散式供水取水方式中,人力取水、手压泵、机器取水覆盖人口分别为616135、71628、40185人,占84.7%,9.8%,5.5%。共采集水样113件,合格51件,合格率为45.1%。地面水水样合格率[25.9%(7/27)]低于地下水水样[51.2%(44/86)],集中式供水水样合格率[56.8%(46/81)]高于分散式供水[15.6%(5/32)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。在检测的14项指标中,色度、pH值、锰、砷、硝酸盐氮均达到Ⅰ级标准;总大肠菌群合格率为48.6%,浑浊度、总硬度、铁、氟化物、硫酸盐、氯化物、细菌总数、耗氧量合格率均在95%以上。结论青海省农村牧区饮用水以微生物污染为主,取水方式落后。 Objective To understand the types of water sources, the way of water intake and the status quo of drinking water in rural and pastoral areas in Qinghai Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating the health and safety development plan of drinking water. Methods During the wet season in 2006, the survey sites were surveyed using the “Survey Table of Drinking Water in Rural Pastoral Areas”, covering general conditions, types of water sources, ways of water supply and population coverage. According to “Hygienic Standard of Drinking Water Quality” (2001), the water samples shall be collected and preserved according to “Standard Test Method for Domestic Drinking Water” (2001). The test results shall be in accordance with the standards of “Rural Implementation Standard of Drinking Water” Guidelines "for evaluation. Results A total of 11 counties were surveyed, with a population of 1,741,231 in rural areas and pastoral areas, accounting for 32.3% of the province’s population. Centralized water supply covers a population of 1,013,283, accounting for 58.19%; decentralized water supply covers a population of 727,948, accounting for 41.81%. The population with drinking water sourced from surface water is 411,119, accounting for 23.6% of the total, of which drinking water is the highest [53.6% (220252/411119)] and the lowest is drinking water (0.2%) [837 / 411119)]. The population with drinking water source of groundwater is 13,301,12 persons, accounting for 76.4% of the total, of which drinking water accounts for the highest proportion [83.2% (1107048/1330112)], while drinking water accounts for the lowest proportion [4.6% (60598 / 1330112)]. There are 638 centralized water supply plants, of which 11 are tap water plants which have been treated completely, accounting for only 1.7% of the total, while drinking water is 94,417, accounting for only 9.3% of the total. In decentralized water supply and demand water abstraction, manpower abstraction, hand pump and machine water abstraction population were 616135,71628,40185, accounting for 84.7%, 9.8% and 5.5% respectively. A total of 113 water samples were collected, passing 51 cases, with a pass rate of 45.1%. The qualified rate of surface water samples [25.9% (7/27)] was lower than that of groundwater samples [51.2% (44/86)], and the qualified rate of centralized water samples was 56.8% (46/81) Water supply [15.6% (5/32)], the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Among the 14 indexes tested, the chroma, pH value, manganese, arsenic and nitrate nitrogen all reached grade Ⅰ standard; the total coliform passing rate was 48.6%, the turbidity, the total hardness, the iron, the fluoride, the sulfate , Chloride, the total number of bacteria, oxygen consumption rate of 95% or more. Conclusion The drinking water in rural pasturing areas of Qinghai Province is dominated by microbial contamination and the water withdrawal method is backward.