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目的了解山东城乡社区人群原发性高血压病的流行情况,初步揭示正常高值血压人群证候分布规律。方法 2011年11月—2012年6月,选择山东陵县县城驻地的城镇社区和农村社区进行整群抽样调查。记录研究对象的高血压患病情况、知晓及治疗情况、证候分布及高危因素等。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果城镇和农村社区原发性高血压患病率分别为37.2%和35.5%,高危人群占33.5%和37.1%。城镇和农村男性高血压患病率分别为45.7%、53.3%,高于女性的30.2%、25.3%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。城镇和农村新检出高血压率分别为14.0%、15.4%,轻度所占比例最高。城镇高血压知晓率、治疗率与控制率分别为43.7%、31.5%、9.4%,农村分别为40.7%、29.2%、8.5%,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。正常高值血压人群以肝阳上亢证、痰浊壅盛证和阴虚阳亢证为多。结论在我国城乡亟需开展社区防治高血压的具有中医特色的知识健康宣教,进行有效中医药防治高血压适宜技术推广应用,加强对基层医生的培训,尝试建立起基于不同人群特点的社区管理模式。
Objective To understand the prevalence of essential hypertension in urban and rural communities in Shandong Province and to reveal the distribution of syndromes in people with normal high blood pressure. Methods From November 2011 to June 2012, a cluster sampling survey was conducted among urban and rural communities in the towns of Lingxian County in Shandong Province. Record the subjects of hypertension prevalence, knowledge and treatment, syndrome distribution and risk factors. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The prevalence rates of essential hypertension in urban and rural communities were 37.2% and 35.5% respectively, while the high-risk population accounted for 33.5% and 37.1%. The prevalence rates of hypertension in urban and rural areas were 45.7% and 53.3% respectively, higher than those in women (30.2% and 25.3%, both P <0.05). The newly detected rates of hypertension in urban and rural areas were 14.0% and 15.4%, respectively, with the highest proportion being mild. The awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of urban hypertension were 43.7%, 31.5% and 9.4% respectively, while those in rural areas were 40.7%, 29.2% and 8.5% respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Normal high blood pressure in patients with hyperactivity of liver yang, phlegm yin Sheng card and yin deficiency yang card more. Conclusion In our country, urban and rural areas urgently need to carry out knowledge and health education of traditional Chinese medicine with high blood pressure in the community to promote effective application of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of hypertension, strengthen the training of grassroots doctors and try to establish a community management model based on the characteristics of different groups of people .