通常认为,康德道德哲学的主要特征是众所周知的。他试图证明他称之为绝对命令的那个一切道德判断的纯形式的第一原则。他宣称给我们提供了这一绝对命令的三种不同的表述;事实上,他至少给出了五种不同的说明。最为人熟悉的两种说明是所谓普遍性原则:“按照同时通过你的意愿可以成为普遍法则的行为准则去行事”以及人性原则:“你的行为要把你自己或任何别的人的人性总是当作目的、而不只是手段来对待”。康德道德哲学具有的传统困难,也被认为是众所周知的。不甚清楚,绝对命令的各种说明是否真具有同一含义。如果行为者狂热到普遍要求最放肆的行为,普遍性原则似乎就不产生我们将从直观上称之为道德结论的那种东西。在直观上人性原则是富有吸引力的,但这一 It is generally accepted that the main features of Kant’s moral philosophy are well known. He tried to prove the first principle of the pure form of all moral judgments he called absolute orders. He claimed to give us three different expressions of this absolute order; in fact, he gave at least five different statements. Two of the most familiar descriptions are the so-called universal principle: “act in accordance with a code of conduct that can be universal law by what you want at the same time” and the principle of humanity: “Your conduct must be based on the total humanity of yourself or any other person Is for the purpose, not just means. ” The traditional difficulties that Kant’s moral philosophy possesses are also known to be well known. It is unclear if the various statements of absolute command really have the same meaning. If the actors are fanatical enough to demand the most presumptuous behavior, the principle of universality does not seem to produce the kind of thing that we will intuitively call moral conclusion. Intuitively, the principle of humanity is attractive, but this one