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目的了解东海县15岁以下人群肠道病毒71型中和抗体(以下简称EV71中和抗体)分布规律和自然感染状况,为预防控制儿童手足口病的传播与流行提供依据。方法 2010年8月,在东海县黄川、青湖两个乡镇15岁以下人群中随机抽取420人开展EV71中和抗体监测,监测数据采用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果 17个年龄组420人中,EV71中和抗体阳性192人,阳性率为45.71%,中和抗体几何平均滴度为1︰16.15。EV71中和抗体阳性率:4岁组最高为95.00%,9~11月龄最低仅为5.00%,11~15岁组仍高达77.50%。男女EV71中和抗体阳性率和GMT差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.85,P﹥0.05;F=1.16,P﹥0.05)。EV71中和抗体(滴度多数为阴性或低水平)高滴度(≥1︰256)共有74人,占17.62%。结论胎传抗体阳性率5月龄后降至15.00%以下,95.00%的儿童在5岁以前受到EV71感染,感染后免疫力能维持较长时间。5岁以下儿童是手足口病流行的主要易感人群,也是防控的重点人群。
Objective To understand the distribution and natural infection status of enterovirus 71 neutralizing antibody (hereinafter referred to as EV71 neutralizing antibody) in people under 15 years of age in Donghai County, so as to provide basis for prevention and control of the spread and epidemic of hand-foot-mouth disease in children. Methods In August 2010, 420 people were randomly selected from two groups of towns and villages in Huangchuan and Qinghu, Donghai County, under the age of 15 to carry out the surveillance of EV71 neutralizing antibody. The monitoring data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results Among the 17 age groups, there were 192 positive EV71 neutralizing antibodies with a positive rate of 45.71%. The geometric mean titer of neutralizing antibody was 1︰16.15. The positive rate of EV71 neutralizing antibody was 95.00% in the 4-year-old group, 5.00% in the 9-11-month-old group, and 77.50% in the 11-15-year-old group. There was no significant difference in the positive rates of neutralizing antibody (EV71) between men and women and GMT (χ2 = 2.85, P> 0.05; F = 1.16, P> 0.05). There were 74 patients (17.62%) with high titer (≥1︰256) of EV71 neutralizing antibody (most of the titers were negative or low level). Conclusion The positive rate of fetal antibody decreased to below 15.00% after 5 months of age. 95.00% of children were infected with EV71 before the age of 5 years, and the immunity could be maintained for a long time after infection. Children under 5 years of age are the major susceptible population of HFMD epidemics and are also the key population for prevention and control.