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在水工建筑物、高速旋转的水力机械以及水下潜体等,凡液体与固体边界之间存在着相对高速运动的场合中,都会产生不同程度的空化现象,它造成材料的侵蚀、设备的振动及噪声、机械运转效率的降低等。因此,随着高水头水工建筑物的兴建,水力机械转速不断提高,有必要对空化现象进行研究。 本文根据放射性同位素被物质吸收,其强度减弱的原理研制了放射性同位素气蚀仪,在文丘利管和水轮机模型上做了实验,将实验结果跟超声法和能量法进行了比较,试验结果表明,该仪器不破坏水流、受其它因素的影响较小、性能稳定、操作简便。
In hydraulic structures, high-speed rotation of hydraulic machinery and underwater submersibles, where there is a relatively high-speed movement between the liquid and the solid boundary conditions, will produce different degrees of cavitation, which caused the erosion of materials, equipment Vibration and noise, reduce the efficiency of mechanical operation. Therefore, with the construction of high-head hydraulic structures, hydraulic machinery speed continues to improve, it is necessary to study the phenomenon of cavitation. In this paper, a radioisotope cavitation meter was developed based on the principle of radioisotope absorbed by the material and its strength was weakened. Experiments were carried out on Venturi tubes and turbine models. The experimental results were compared with the ultrasonic method and the energy method. The instrument does not damage the water flow, less affected by other factors, stable performance, easy to operate.