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目的探讨武陵山区土家族儿童少年体质发育特征及其规律。方法采用人体测量学的方法,对武陵山区1865例土家族儿童少年(男性953例,女性912例)17项体质发育指标进行测量,计算11项体质指数。结果土家族儿童少年生长发育的各项指标均值随年龄的增长而增加;土家族男女性的生长发育曲线呈上升趋势并且有交叉现象;土家族男性的身高突增年龄为11～13岁,女性则为9、11～12岁;土家族学生的体质指数年龄变化规律与其他民族基本相似,但身体各部分的发育程度不相同。结论土家族儿童少年体质发育符合一般生长发育规律,并有性别差异,土家族男女生的体质发育相对落后于汉族等其他民族学生。
Objective To investigate the characteristics and regularities of Tujia children’s physical fitness development in Wuling Mountain. Methods The anthropometric methods were used to measure 17 physical fitness indexes of 1865 Tujia children and adolescents (953 males and 912 females) in Wuling Mountain area. 11 physical indexes were calculated. Results The average values of various indicators of Tujia children and adolescents’ growth and development increased with the increase of age. The growth and development curves of Tujia men and women showed an upward trend and crossed with each other. The height of Tujia men was 11 to 13 years old. Then 9, 11 to 12 years old; Tujia students body mass index age similar to other ethnic groups, but the development of different parts of the body is not the same level of development. Conclusion The physical development of Tujia children and adolescents accords with the general rules of growth and development with gender differences. The physical development of Tujia boys and girls lags behind that of Han and other ethnic students.