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为了探索韶关烟区适宜的播种期和移栽期,以6个优质烤烟品种(品系)为材料,进行分期播种,塑造不同的光温气候条件,以优质中部烟叶化学成分为参考样,用指标赋值法对烤烟(等级为C3F)化学品质进行综合评分,依品质优劣将不同品种排序。结果表明:播期显著影响烤烟品种的产量和品质的形成。产量高低决定产值高低,适当推迟播期有利于提高烤烟产量和产值;但播种过迟会严重降低产量,降低烤后烟叶中上等烟比例,导致产值下降。烟叶化学品质中烟碱含量、总氮含量、淀粉含量、钾含量均受播期影响,随着播期延迟C3F烟叶的烟碱含量、总氮含量、钾含量减小,淀粉含量明显增加,影响烤烟品质;但3个播期中各品种的氮碱比、糖碱比、钾氯比变化因品种而异。在3个播期试验品种中,各品种的C3F品质平均综合评分表现为“云烟100”、“NX208”、“K326”的评分相对较高,C3F烟叶品质较好。适当的播种期使得烟叶化学成分的协调性好,利于提高烤烟的产量和品质。不同播期试验表明,韶关烟区适宜播种期为12月1日—12月10日,适宜移栽期为次年2月25日—3月5日。
In order to explore the suitable sowing date and transplanting date in Shaoguan tobacco growing area, 6 high-quality flue-cured tobacco varieties (lines) were used as materials for sowing in different seasons to establish different light and temperature climatic conditions. The chemical constituents of middle- Assignment method of chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco (grade C3F) score, according to the quality of different varieties will be ordered. The results showed that sowing date significantly affected the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco varieties. The level of output determines the level of output value, appropriate delayed sowing is conducive to raising the yield and output of flue-cured tobacco; but too late sowing will seriously reduce the yield, reduce the ratio of the higher-quality tobacco in roasted leaves, resulting in decline in output value. The contents of nicotine, total nitrogen, starch and potassium in the chemical quality of tobacco leaves were affected by the sowing date. With the delay of sowing date, the content of nicotine, total nitrogen and potassium in C3F tobacco decreased and the content of starch increased obviously Flue-cured tobacco quality; but the three sowing date of the variety of nitrogen-to-alkali ratio, the ratio of potassium to chlorine than the variety varies. In 3 sowing date cultivars, the average comprehensive score of C3F quality of all cultivars showed relatively high scores of “Yunyan 100”, “NX208”, “K326”, and the quality of C3F tobacco was better. Appropriate seeding period makes the chemical composition of the tobacco leaf good coordination, which will help improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Different sowing date tests showed that the suitable sowing date in Shaoguan tobacco growing area was from December 1 to December 10, and the suitable transplanting period was from February 25 to March 5 of the following year.