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目的了解2010年-2015年万州区流感病毒流行情况及变化趋势,为科学制定流感防控策略和措施提供参考。方法收集2010年4月-2015年3月万州区国家级流感哨点监测医院流感样病例标本,利用实时荧光逆转录PCR法进行病毒核酸检测,阳性标本接种MDCK细胞进行病毒分离、鉴定。结果 2 766份流感样病例标本中检出流感病毒核酸阳性349份,阳性率为12.62%,各年度阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=85.78,P=0.000<0.05);分离出186株毒株,其中季节性H3N2型91株、BV系41株、甲型H1N1 37株、BY系17株。流感病毒在各监测年度均有1个冬季流行高峰,以甲型H1N1、B型、季节性H3N2型等混合流行;有3个年度均出现夏季流行高峰,以季节性H3N2型流行为主。结论万州区在2010年4月-2015年3月先后有4种毒株流行,流行强度呈总体下降趋势。甲型H1N1、B型、季节性H3N2型毒株呈现此消彼长、依次交替流行。
Objective To understand the prevalence and trend of influenza virus in Wanzhou District from 2010 to 2015 and provide a reference for the scientific development of influenza prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Samples of influenza-like illness were collected from the sentinel surveillance hospital of Wanzhou District from April 2010 to March 2015. The virus nucleic acid was detected by real-time fluorescent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were inoculated into MDCK cells for virus isolation and identification. Results A total of 349 influenza virus positive samples were detected in 2 766 samples of influenza-like illness, the positive rate was 12.62%. There was significant difference between the positive rates in each year (χ2 = 85.78, P = 0.000 <0.05) Among them, 91 were seasonal H3N2, 41 were BV, 37 were H1N1 and 17 were BY. Influenza virus in each monitoring year has a winter peak, with influenza A H1N1, B type, seasonal H3N2 type mixed epidemic; summer peak appeared in three years, the seasonal predominant H3N2 type. CONCLUSIONS Four strains were prevalent in Wanzhou District from April 2010 to March 2015, and the epidemic intensity showed an overall downward trend. Influenza A H1N1, B type, seasonal H3N2 type strains showed the shift, in turn, alternating epidemic.