目的了解昆山市公办小学和流动人口子女小学学生突发公共卫生事件防控知识、态度及行为现状的不同差异,为分类指导学校开展突发公共卫生事件防控工作和制定措施提供科学依据。方法选择昆山市13所公办小学、13所流动人口子女小学,采取分层随机抽样方法,每校抽取4~6年级各50名学生,自行设计调查表进行突发公共卫生事件防控相关知识、态度及行为匿名自填问卷调查。结果知识题中有80%条目学生知晓率公办小学高于流动人口子女小学。传染病防治知识题中有75%条目知晓率公办小学高于流动人口子女小学;有关食品卫生知识题知晓率100%条目公办小学高于流动人口子女小学;防控态度正确率公办学校都高于流动人口子女小学,86.67%的条目行为防控正确率公办学校都高于流动人口子女小学。小学生知信行正确率由高至低排列为:防控知识、态度、行为。结论流动人口子女小学是学校突发公共卫生事件防控重点对象,必须进一步加强健康教育、防控措施,加强防控管理与监督机制,加强措施落实责任制和考核机制。 Objective To understand the differences in prevention and control knowledge, attitude and behavior of public primary health students in public primary schools and migrant children in Kunshan City, and to provide a scientific basis for classifying and guiding schools in prevention and control of public health emergencies and in formulating measures. Methods Thirteen public elementary schools and 13 migrant children primary schools in Kunshan City were selected. Stratified random sampling was adopted. Fifty students from grade 4 to grade 6 were taken from each school. Self-designed questionnaires were used to conduct public health emergency prevention and control. Attitude and Behavior Anonymous Self-Enrollment Questionnaire. Results 80% of the items in the knowledge of student awareness rate of public primary schools than migrant children primary schools. Awareness of infectious disease prevention and control of 75% of the items in the rate of awareness of primary schools than the floating population of primary and secondary schools of children; Knowledge of food hygiene awareness of 100% entry primary schools above the floating population children primary schools; prevention and control attitude correct rate of public schools are higher than The number of migrant children primary schools, 86.67% of the items correct prevention and control of public schools are higher than the migrant children primary schools. The accuracy of primary school students’ knowledge and communication ranks from high to low as: prevention and control of knowledge, attitude and behavior. Conclusion Floating children’s primary school is the key object of prevention and control of public health emergencies in schools. It is necessary to further strengthen health education, prevention and control measures, strengthen the prevention and control and supervision mechanism, and strengthen the implementation of the responsibility system and assessment mechanism.