一、可持续发展战略的提出及对环境资源的要求 环境与发展,是当今国际社会普遍关注的重要问题。人类经过漫长的奋斗历程,特别是产业革命以来,以改造自然和发展经济方面建树了辉煌的业绩。第二次世界大战以后,经济发达的国家经历了二十多年的经济高速增长时期。发展中国家也普遍谋求经济发展,出现了以亚洲“四小龙”为代表的经济快速增长的典型。而这些值得称道的发展成果,是以各种资源,特别是不可再生资源的巨量消耗为代价的,并伴随着全球人口急剧增长和日益严重的环境污染生态恶化。面对堆积如山的垃圾废物,不断落下的酸雨,迅速扩张的沙漠,一些生态学家、环境保护工作者和经济学家,首先从对经济发展的单纯追求中幡然悔悟。他们感到:“曾经一度是正面意义的‘增长’一词,似乎突然增加了阴暗的,使人烦恼的含义”。 First, the proposed sustainable development strategy and the environmental resources requirements Environment and development are the important issues of common concern in today’s international community. After a long struggle, especially since the Industrial Revolution, mankind has made brilliant achievements in rebuilding nature and developing economy. After the Second World War, the economically developed countries experienced more than two decades of rapid economic growth. Developing countries also generally seek economic development, with the rapid economic growth represented by the “four little dragons” in Asia. These commendable achievements are at the cost of massive consumption of various resources, especially non-renewable resources, along with the rapid global population growth and the worsening ecological deterioration of environmental pollution. In the face of mountainous waste, falling acid rain and rapidly expanding deserts, some ecologists, environmentalists and economists first come to terms with repentance from the simple pursuit of economic development. They feel: “The term ’growth’, which used to be positive for a while, seems to suddenly add to the gloomy, troubling meaning.”