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本篇论文仔细观察了国际非政府组织(INGO)领域在问责制论述和实践中产生的两轮改革。第一轮改革中,问责模式被狭义限定为强势的利益相关者的需求,如捐赠者和政府,而第二轮改革优先考虑国际非政府组织对其“受益人”的义务,其问责模式更全面。有人主张,国际非政府组织应通过三个主题的进一步改革以实现批判性反思问责制。首先,类似“受益者”的词汇应该从问责的词语中删除,因为这个词所依存的观念,有损于人们和社区期望国际非政府组织应为其行为负责的权利。其次,应该通过包容性话语领域以便倾听边缘利益相关者,让他们的“表达和被倾听”成为可能。最后,国际非政府组织需要利用反馈成为学习型组织,并且要与同类型组织合作,以在整个领域构筑反思学习的文化。对实践工作者的启示这篇论文提供了围绕三个核心主题的若干政策建议,包括对外勤员工培训建议,有关参与式练习设计的议题,以及加强同行调控体制的提议。
This essay carefully examines two rounds of reforms that have taken place in the accountability system and practice of the international non-governmental organization (INGO). In the first round of reforms, the accountability model was narrowly defined as the need for strong stakeholders, such as donors and governments, while the second round of reform prioritized the obligations of international non-governmental organizations to their “beneficiaries” Accountability model more comprehensive. Some argue that international non-governmental organizations should adopt a further reform of the three themes to achieve a critical reflection on accountability. First, words like “beneficiaries ” should be removed from accountable words because the concept on which the word is based detracts from the rights that people and communities expect international non-governmental organizations to be accountable for their actions. Second, it is possible to “speak and be heard” through inclusive discourse in order to listen to marginalized stakeholders. Finally, international non-governmental organizations need to use feedback as learning organizations and work with organizations of the same type to build a culture of reflective learning across the field. Insights for Practicing Workers This paper provides several policy recommendations around three core topics, including advice on training of field staff, topics on participatory practice design, and proposals to strengthen peer regulation.