煤炭开采受自然环境等诸多因素的影响,生产过程中人身、设备的安全性较差,表现在四个方面。第一,自然灾害多,如水害、火灾、瓦斯煤尘燃烧与爆炸、一氧化碳等气体毒害、窒息、地压与地热危害以及尘肺等职业病害,是其它行业所没有的。第二,工作环境差,狭窄、潮湿、空气不好、光照度差、作业地点不断变动,一旦灾害袭来,人们将因环境限制而不能很好地躲避,导致事故扩大。第三,绝大多数矿井没能很好地解决生产与基建的矛盾,采掘不平衡,于企业宏观安全不利。第四,地方的煤炭企业多为劳动密集型企业,科技水平相对落后、机械化程度低,缺乏起码的安全设施和监控手段,安全久帐多。因此,安全生产在煤矿承包中应有足够的份量。地方煤矿企业现行的承包有五个弊端: (1)承包指标不全面,没有形成安全生产的指标体系。有死亡率的控制指标但无 Coal mining by the natural environment and many other factors, the production process of personal, equipment safety is poor, manifested in four aspects. First, there are many natural disasters, such as water hazards, fires, combustion and explosion of gas and coal dust, carbon monoxide poisoning, asphyxiation, ground pressure and geothermal hazards and occupational diseases such as pneumoconiosis, which are not found in other industries. Second, the working environment is poor, narrow, humid, poor air, bad light, workplace changes, once the disaster hit, people will not be able to avoid due to environmental constraints, leading to an increase in accidents. Thirdly, the vast majority of mines did not properly solve the contradiction between production and infrastructure. The mining was unbalanced and was detrimental to the macro-safety of enterprises. Fourth, local coal enterprises are mostly labor-intensive enterprises, with relatively backward science and technology, low degree of mechanization, lack of minimum safety facilities and monitoring means, and long-term safety accounts. Therefore, safe production should have enough weight in coal mining contracting. There are five disadvantages to the current contracting of local coal mines: (1) The contracting index is not comprehensive and there is no index system for safety production. There are control indicators of mortality but none