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0.前言企业的生产和销售产品的活动是一种经营活动,工程建设也是一种经营活动,投入的是人、财、物,产出的产品可以是铁路,桥梁,公路,民用建筑,或是一个工业生产装置等。工程建设过程不是简单的投入和产出,它涉及到市场问题,用户问题,效益问题等等。工程建设涉及到设计、物资采购和施工三个方面,而设计和施工是工程建设过程中的两个不同的阶段和两个独立的专业,和其它的商品生产一样需要分别进行成本控制并获取一定的利润。因此在工程招投标中,工程造价
0. Introduction The activities of production and sales of products by enterprises are an operating activity. Engineering construction is also a kind of business activity. The inputs are people, finances, and goods. The output products may be railways, bridges, highways, civil buildings, or Is an industrial production device. The engineering construction process is not a simple input and output. It involves market issues, user issues, and efficiency issues. Engineering construction involves three aspects of design, material procurement, and construction. Design and construction are two different phases and two independent specialties in the engineering construction process. As with other commodity production, cost control must be performed separately and certain Profit. Therefore, in project bidding, construction cost