目的探讨血脂异常患者膳食摄入情况及相关危险因素。方法选取217例血脂异常患者和163例健康人群进行病例对照研究,比较两组的膳食摄入情况,并分别与平衡膳食宝塔建议量比较;进行非条件多因素Logistic回归分析寻找危险因素。结果病例组谷薯杂豆类、畜禽肉类、鱼虾类、植物油每天摄入量高于健康组(P<0.05);两组均存在严重的蔬菜、水果、乳类摄入不足,而植物油、食盐摄入过多现象;谷薯杂豆类、畜禽肉类、甜食、动物内脏、咸菜、植物油摄入过多,腰臀比(WHR)和脉压大、经常吃夜宵和零食、睡前<4h晚餐、经常接受他人食品是血脂异常的危险因素,饮茶、适量进食畜禽肉类是其保护因素。结论两组均存在某些食物摄入过多和不足的情况;血脂异常存在严重的膳食依赖性,对危险因素的探讨有助于确定血脂异常高危人群和采取针对性的防治措施。 Objective To investigate the dietary intake of patients with dyslipidemia and related risk factors. Methods A total of 217 cases of dyslipidemia and 163 healthy people were selected as case-control study. The dietary intake of the two groups was compared with that of balanced diet pagoda. Logistic regression analysis was used to find the risk factors. Results The daily intake of miscellaneous legumes, livestock and poultry meat, fish, shrimp and vegetable oil in the case group was higher than that in the healthy group (P <0.05). In both groups, there was insufficient intake of vegetables, fruits and milk, Excessive intake of vegetable oil and salt, excessive consumption of vegetable and animal meat, sweets, animal offal, pickles and vegetable oils, large WHR and pulse pressure, frequent supper and snacks, 4h dinner before going to bed, often to accept other people’s food is a risk factor for dyslipidemia, drinking tea, adequate intake of livestock and poultry meat is the protective factor. Conclusions There are some cases of excessive and inadequate intake of certain foods in both groups. There is a serious dietary dependence on dyslipidemia. To explore the risk factors may help to identify people at high risk for dyslipidemia and to take targeted prevention and treatment measures.