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提出了一种新的近红外多光谱检测法对碳纤维复合材料结构机翼表面的残冰进行检测。建立了该方法的理论模型并进行了实验验证。首先,根据冰与水和除冰液在不同红外波段下具有不同反射光谱特性,提出了用于残冰检测的理论算法。然后对参考通道,低通道及高通道所测图像的灰度值进行比较分析,总结得到了判断机翼蒙皮上残冰存在的对比度阈值C。最后,分析了误差可能产生的区间及消除方法。实验结果表明,对于白色涂层的复合材料结构蒙皮,当C>0.03时,就可以断定结构表面上存在残冰;当C<0时,可以断定表面上肯定没有冰;当C处于0～0.03时,为安全起见需要对蒙皮进行二次检查以消除不确定因素产生的误差。而对于其他颜色涂层蒙皮的残冰检测,要根据不同的颜色设定不同的对比度阈值C。本研究证明了可以将冰与水的近红外反射光谱差异特性应用到以复合材料结构为机翼蒙皮的残冰检测中。
A new near infrared multi-spectrum detection method was proposed to detect the residual ice on the wing surface of carbon fiber composite structure. The theoretical model of this method is established and verified by experiments. First of all, based on the different reflection spectra of ice, water and deicing fluid in different infrared bands, a theoretical algorithm for detecting residual ice was proposed. Then, the gray values of the images measured by the reference channel, the low channel and the high channel are compared and the contrast threshold C for judging the presence of residual ice on the wing skin is obtained. Finally, the possible error intervals and their elimination methods are analyzed. The experimental results show that for the white-coated composite skin, when C> 0.03, it can be concluded that there is residual ice on the surface of the structure; when C <0, it can be concluded that there is definitely no ice on the surface; 0.03, for safety reasons, a second inspection of the skin is required to eliminate the uncertainty caused by the uncertainty. As for the residual ice detection of the other color coating skin, different contrast threshold C should be set according to different colors. This study demonstrates that the near-infrared reflectance spectrum differences between ice and water can be applied to the detection of residual ice with the composite structure as the wing skin.