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目的了解北京市城区生活饮用水中阴阳离子和消毒副产物的水平。方法于2015年4月15-20日在北京市城区不同方位选取96户家庭,按照GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》中规定的方法采集生活饮用水样品,并检测其中Li~+、Na~+、K~2+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、NH_4~+-N、F~-、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~--N、ClO_2~-、BrO_3~-、二氯乙酸(DCAA)、ClO_3~-和三氯乙酸(TCAA)的浓度及总硬度。结果除了NO_3-~-N和总硬度有部分家庭超标(超标率分别为43%和1.1%)外,其余指标均合格。一次和二次供水的生活饮用水中所有指标水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以井水作为供水方式的饮用水中Cl~-、NO_3~--N、SO_4~(2-)、Li~+、Na~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)和总硬度明显高于一次供水和二次供水,ClO_3~-浓度明显低于一次供水和二次供水,K~+浓度低于一次供水,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。仅西南地区Cl~-、NO_3~--N、SO~(2-)、ClO_3~-和Na~+高于西北、东北、东南地区,F~-低于西北、东北、东南地区;而4个方向的生活饮用水中Li~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)和总硬度均无明显差异。结论北京市城区以一次和二次供水的生活饮用水水质较好,以井水为水源的地区应加强生活饮用水水质监测。
Objective To understand the levels of anion and disinfection by-products in drinking water in urban areas of Beijing. Methods A total of 96 households were selected from different locations in Beijing city from April 15 to April 20, 2015 to collect drinking water samples according to the method specified in GB / T 5750-2006 Standard Test Method for Domestic Drinking Water. ~ +, Na ~ +, K ~ 2 +, Ca ~ 2 +, Mg ~ 2 +, NH_4 ~ + -N, F ~ -, Cl ~ -, SO_4 ~ (2 -), NO_3 ~ -N, ClO_2 ~ -, BrO_3 ~, dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), ClO_3 ~ and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) concentration and total hardness. Results Except for NO_3- ~ -N and some families with excessive total hardness (exceeding the standard rates of 43% and 1.1%, respectively), the other indicators were all qualified. There was no significant difference in all the indicators of drinking water between primary and secondary water supply (P> 0.05). Using well water as the water supply method, the contents of Cl ~ -, NO_3 ~ - N, SO_4 ~ (2 -), Li ~ +, Na ~ +, Mg ~ (2+), Ca ~ The hardness was obviously higher than that of primary water supply and secondary water supply. The concentration of ClO 3 ~ - was obviously lower than that of primary water supply and secondary water supply. The concentration of K + was lower than that of primary water supply. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In Southwest China, Cl ~ -, NO_3 ~ --N, SO ~ (2 -), ClO_3 ~ - and Na ~ + are higher than those in northwest, northeast and southeast, There was no significant difference in Li ~ +, K ~ +, Mg ~ (2 +), Ca ~ (2+) and total hardness in all directions of drinking water. Conclusion The water quality of domestic drinking water in primary and secondary water supply is good in Beijing urban area, and the monitoring of drinking water quality should be strengthened in areas with well water as source of water.