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目的探索鄱阳湖区急性血吸虫病流行规律,为制定科学防治策略提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对江西省1960～2007年急性血吸虫病(急血)报表数据以及1982～1984年和1987～1989年开展的2次鄱阳湖区急血专题调查资料进行流行病学分析。结果1960～2007年,鄱阳湖区沿湖12个血吸虫病流行县(区)共发生急血29 864例,占全省急血总数的85.5%,其中以余干县为最多,占18.7%。1987年最高达2 088例。1990年代后期急血发病出现明显下降,并一直维持在较低水平。2次专题调查发生急血的人群以<30岁为主,分别占86.1%和82.9%;职业以农民、学生为多,分别占57.4%和21.2%、61.7%和21.8%;主要感染方式为捕鱼,分别占43.0%和44.9%;感染高峰季节为4～10月。结论鄱阳湖沿湖洲滩是江西省急血的主要感染地带,春秋季节为主要感染季节,农民、学生和渔民是高发人群。加强对这些重点地区和重点人群的综合防治力度,是控制该地区急血发生的关键。
Objective To explore the epidemic rule of acute schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake area and provide basis for formulating scientific prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of acute schistosomiasis (acute blood) from 1960 to 2007 in Jiangxi Province were retrospectively analyzed. The epidemiological data of two special investigations of acute episodes of blood in Poyang Lake from 1982 to 1984 and from 1987 to 1989 were analyzed. Results From 1960 to 2007, a total of 29 864 cases of acute cerebral hemorrhage occurred in 12 schistosomiasis counties along Poyang Lake in Poyang Lake region, accounting for 85.5% of the total number of the province’s bloods, with Yugan County accounting for 18.7% of the total. Up to 2 088 cases in 1987. In the late 1990s there was a marked drop in the incidence of acute episodes of blood clots, which remained at a low level. In the 2 special surveys, those with acute blood clots were mainly aged <30, accounting for 86.1% and 82.9% respectively. Occupation was dominated by peasants and students, accounting for 57.4%, 21.2%, 61.7% and 21.8% respectively. The main modes of infection were Fishing accounted for 43.0% and 44.9% respectively; peak season of infection was from April to October. Conclusions Poyang Lake along the lake is the main infectious area of acute blood in Jiangxi Province, the spring and autumn seasons as the main infection season, farmers, students and fishermen are high incidence population. Strengthening comprehensive prevention and control of these key areas and key populations is the key to controlling the occurrence of acute bloodshes in this area.